banshaw



(Model.)

T C. RANSHAW.

BOOK. No. 387,917. Patented Aug. 14, 1888.

N. PETERS. Pnaurmhngmicer, wnshingian, D. c.

iUri Trein STATT-is .aTnNT @Trier-s.;

THOMAS O. RANSIAEV, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASSIGITOI-t TO CARPENTER RANSIIAW, OF SAME PLACE.

BOOK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 387,917, dated August 14, 1888. .Application filed August 20, 1ERE. Serial No. 211.405. (Model.)

To `a/ZZ 107mm it iii/ay concern: The said bridge-strips are made long enough Be it known that I, THOMAS C. Ranst-mw, to enable their customary attachment (by pastoi" Cincinnati, Hamilton county, Ohio, have ing) to the cover-leaves, to which also are simiinyented a. new and useful Improvement in larly attached wings or extensions of thestub- 5 Books, of which the following is a specilcastrip itself that project beyond its outermost 5 tion. stitched folds. rhis attachment of the stub- My invent-ion relates to that class of books strip may be made either directly to the cover whose folios, leaf-groups, or signatures77 inor through interposed fly-leaf and gusset, in stead of being attached direct to the baclr-linthe manner hereinafter explained. Io ing or to the bridge-strips, are attached to a In the accompanying drawings, Figure l 6o stub or stub-stri p, which in turn is attached represents a book embodying my invention. to such bridge-strips, so as to afford to each Fig. 2 represents a signature or leaf-group leaf-group two hinge-like or flexible attaehflexibly attached (by stitching its bach fold) ments whose object is to allow the book to lie to the bend or grooved portion which forms i 5 perfectly ilat wherever opened, said bridgeor constitutes the forward extremities of two 65 strips being in turnsceurcd to the cover of the of the folds of my stub-strip. Fig. 3 reprebook. sents several leaves so attached. Fig. 4 shows In my invention I employ, instead of a sethe rear extremities of a number of stubs conries of separately-manulactnred stubs, a stnbstrueted of one of my stub-strips tacked tozo strip composed of a single continuons sheet of gether, and customary strips, technically r 'canvas or like tough, yet flexible, material, known asbridge-strips,17 inserted within the which (except portions at its eXtreme ends, stitch-loops. Fig. 5 is a section through the which are left for attachment to the cover) is bent or curved portion which forms or consticrimpcd alternately in opposite directions at tutes the rear extremities of two of the folds 25 uniform distances throughout its length, so as of the stub-strip, tahen after completion of 75 to produce by purely mechanical means and the worlr to the stage shown in Fig. 4i. Fig. (i with the greatest expedition and accuracy a is a section taken at right angles to the stubsingle stubstrip of the zigzag forni herein repfolds, showing the relation and attachments resented. The stub-strip thus manufactured of the parts in the completed book. Fig. 7 is 5o has its respective edges secured to the bridgea section similar to Fig. 5, showing the rear 8o strips (which in turn are secured to the coverextremities of the folds of the stub-strips leaves) and to a signature. rIhe means for stitched toastrip forming the back-lining inthus attaching the several parts are immatestead of to the bridge-strips.

rial so far as my present invention is con- 1 may represent the back proper, and 2 the 55 cerncd, which relates more particularly to cover-leaves of the back. 85 points of attachment, the object being to pro- 3 represents customary strips of parchdnce a durable bool; at a reasonable cost which ment, canvas, or other strong yet flexible mashall be possessed of the greatest flexibility. terial, technically known as bridge-strips. 'To this end the zigzag stub strip is secured to Instead of the customary separately handao the bridge strips by stitches or other means, made and hand-pasted stubs, I provide a rect 9c passing not through the parallel 'folds of said yangular sheet, preferably composed of two-ply strips, but through thebent orcnrved portions material, suoli as muslin and manila paper which form or constitute those edges or expasted together. riDhis sheet is, except at its tremities of the said folds which are presented extreme ends, crimped or folded alternately 45 in one direction, (i. c., toward the back of the in opposite directions at uniform distances 95 bool: when constructed) the signatures or leafthroughout its length, so as to produce a stubgroups being i n like manner attached to the strip, it, of the represented zigzag form, havbent or curved portions which form or constiing the two wings or flies 7.

tute those edges or extremities of the folds 8 is one of a number of book-sections or 5o which are presentcdin the opposite direction. leaf-groups, technically known as signaroo tures, the same being folded in the accustomed manner at 9.

Stitching 10 through the signature at its fold 9 serves to attach it, as by a kind of hinge or flexible joint, 11, to the front extremity of its appropriate fold of the stub-strip.

Sofar as my present invention is concerned it 1s immaterial what means are employed for attaching the several parts together, the said invention having relation more particularly to the points of attachment, the Object being to produce at a minimum cost a book having the greatest possible flexibility and durability. To thisend the signatures are attached, not to the parallel portions or folds of the stub-strips, but to the bent or curved portions 5, which form or constitute the forward extremities or edges of said folds, while the stubstrip itself 1s not constructed of numeronspasted fragments, but consists of a single crimped sheet. Inlike manner the stub-strip is secured to the bridge-strips 3 by stitches 12, which pass through the curved portions 6 of the stubstrlps, which form or constitute the rear ex-v tremities or edges of the folds. Said stitches form loops through which pass the bridgestrips.

In order to secure the greatest amount of flexibility at this hinge-joint between the stub strip and the bridge-strips, to which they are secured, it is essential that the stitches which secure them together should be situated at this point-that is, the bent, creased, or curved portions 6, which form or constitute the rear extremities of the several parallel folds.

The knotted extremities 14 of the stitching 12 being caught together Vby stitching 15, the rear extremities of the stnbcrimps are thereby firmly knit together. The projecting portions of the bridge-strips are glued or pasted in the customary manner to the cover, as shown in Fig. 6.

The wings 7 of the stub-strip may also be pasted directly to the cover and over said bridgestrips, but said wings are preferably pasted to fly-leaves 16, which in turn are secured to the cover and the previously-attached bridgestrips by means of pasted gussets 17. Instead of one fly-leaf and gusset at each end of the book, several of such leaves and gussets may be employed.

I have described my invention in connection with a stub-strip, technically so called, but desire to have it understood that I do not regard it as limited thereto. As heretofore suggested, the rear extremities of the folds of the stub-strip may be stitched to the back-lim` ing, which differs from the bridge-strips in that instead of being very narrow, necessitating the use of quite a number, it is very wide, extending from one end of the back to the other, as shown in Fig. 7.

It is well known that in practice this strip forming the back-lining is secured at its edges to the cover-leaves of the book, and is either free from or united to the back 1 between its extremities. When a stiff back is employed,

it is united thereto at a point Vintermediate of its edges; 'but when the `back is flexible the entire surface of the backlining is or` may be secured thereto by pasting or otherwise. These remarks apply equally to bridge -strips, so that, as a matter of fact, the back-lining and bridge-strips differ only in shape and not in function; therefore I desire to haveit understood that in this specification the expression of one includes the other.

I am aware that it has been proposed to construct newspaper-files of two cover-leaves, to which are secured the respective ends of a strip of leather or other flexible material crimped or folded alternately in opposite directions, each of the bent or curved portions which form or constitute those extremities of the parallel folds being provided Vwith a number of loose cords extending nearly its entire length,laud designed to be placed between the leaves of the paper to be filed for the purpose of holding it, while those extremities of the folds which are presented in the opposite `direction (or toward the back of the book) are not inany manner secured to anything. This is not the equivalent of my invention, which consists, essentially, in a continuous stubstrip crimped or folded alternately in opposite directions,each one of all the bent,curved, or creased portions which form or constitute those extremities of l the folds which are presented in one direction being secured to a bridge strip or strips which in turn is or `are secured to the cover-leaves of the book, while the leaves are secured to the bent, curved,;or creased portions which form or constitute those extremities of the stub-strip which are presented in the opposite direction. l

Perfectly flat lay of the exposed pages, at whatever part the book may be opened, is secured by the described doubly-iiexible attachment of its leaves.

I am also aware that it has been proposed to secure one leaf of an album to theforward extremity of each of a number of stubs formed by creasing or bending the strip in a manner similar to that employed by me, the rear extremities of said folds being left entirely free, save the restraint put upon them by a single cord passed through a perforation `formed through each of the several folds, layers, or laps of the strip.

I claim as my invention- 1. A book having two or more folios or signatures, a continuous stub-strip crimped or folded alternately in opposite directions, and a strip to which each of the bent, curved, or creased portions which form the rear extremities of the stub or stub-strip is secured, the front crimps being left free, the signatures or IIO folios of the book being separately secured'to 2'. n a book, the combination ofthe following elements, to Wit: two or more folios or leafgroups, 8,21 strip, 4, crimped o1' folded altermately in opposite directions, so es to foiln a Stub-strip, to the front extremities of Whiel that is, the bent, curved or creased portions 5, which form or constitute the front edges or extremities of the seveml folds-are severally secured the seid folios orsignatures, the bridgestrips 3, to which the rear extremities of said stub-strip--tlmt is, the bent, curved, orcx'eztsed portions 6, which forni or constitute the rear edges or extremities of the several folds-ere secured, and the wing 7 of the stublstrip seeured to the cover, substantially ns set forth.

THOMAS C. RANSHAV.

Attest:

GEO. li. KNIeH'F, RANKIN D. Jones. 

